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Fizzle (nuclear test)
In nuclear weapons, a fizzle occurs when the testing of a nuclear bomb grossly fails to meet its expected yield. The reason(s) for the failure can be linked to improper bomb design, poor construction, or lack of expertise.〔Staff Writer. "( NBC Weapons: North Korean Fizzle Bomb )." ''Strategy Page.'' Retrieved on 2008-05-04.〕〔 Earl Lane. "( Nuclear Experts Assess the Threat of a "Backyard Bomb” )." ''American Association for the Advancement of Science.'' Retrieved on 2008-05-04. 〕 All countries that have had a nuclear weapons testing program have experienced some fizzles.〔Meirion Jones." (A short history of fizzles )." ''BBC News.'' Retrieved on 2008-05-04.〕 A fizzle can spread radioactive material throughout the surrounding area, involve a partial fission reaction of the fissile material, or both.〔Theodore E. Liolios." (The Effects of Nuclear Terrorism: Fizzles )." (PDF) ''European Program on Science and International Security.'' Retrieved on 2008-05-04.〕 For practical purposes, a fizzle can still have considerable explosive yield when compared to conventional weapons.
In multistage fission-fusion weapons, full yield of the fission primary that fails to initiate fusion ignition in the fusion secondary is also considered a "fizzle," as the weapon failed to reach its design yield despite the fission primary working correctly. Such fizzles can have very high yields, as in the case of Castle Koon, where a device with a 1 megaton design yield underwent a fusion fizzle, but its primary still generated a yield of 110 kilotons.
==Fusion boosting==
If a deuterium-tritium mixture is placed at the center of the device to be compressed and heated by the fission explosion, a fission yield of 250 tons is sufficient to cause D-T fusion releasing high-energy fusion neutrons which will then fission much of the remaining fission fuel. This is known as a boosted fission weapon.〔http://nuclearweaponarchive.org/News/DoSuitcaseNukesExist.html Nuclear Weapon Archive, Corey Sublette: Are Suitcase Bombs Possible?〕
If a fission device designed for boosting is tested without the boost gas, a yield in the sub-kiloton range may indicate a successful test that the device's implosion and primary fission stages are working as designed, though this does not test the boosting process itself.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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